Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that plays a key role in keeping our nerves and blood cells healthy. It also helps in making DNA—the genetic material in all of our cells. A deficiency in this vital vitamin can lead to a range of health problems, some of which can be serious if left untreated.
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What is Vitamin B12 Deficiency?
Vitamin B12 deficiency occurs when your body doesn’t have enough of this important vitamin to function properly. This can affect your brain, nervous system, and the production of red blood cells.
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Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
1. Poor Dietary Intake
• Common in vegetarians or vegans, since B12 is mainly found in animal products like meat, eggs, and dairy.
2. Malabsorption
• Conditions like pernicious anemia, celiac disease, or Crohn’s disease can make it hard for your body to absorb B12.
3. Age-related Issues
• As people get older, their stomach produces less acid, which is needed to absorb B12 from food.
4. Medications
• Long-term use of certain medications like metformin (for diabetes) or proton pump inhibitors (for acid reflux) can reduce B12 absorption.
5. Surgery
• People who’ve had weight loss surgery or part of their stomach/intestine removed may not absorb B12 properly.
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Common Symptoms
Vitamin B12 deficiency can develop slowly and worsen over time. Symptoms can include:
• Fatigue or weakness
• Pale or yellowish skin
• Numbness or tingling in hands and feet
• Memory problems or difficulty concentrating
• Mood changes or depression
• Difficulty walking or balance issues
• Swollen, red tongue or mouth ulcers
• Shortness of breath or dizziness
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Diagnosis
Your doctor may:
1. Ask about your symptoms and medical history
2. Order blood tests, including:
• Complete blood count (CBC)
• Vitamin B12 levels
• Methylmalonic acid and homocysteine (which can be elevated in deficiency)
In some cases, additional tests may be done to check for pernicious anemia or absorption issues.
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Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the deficiency:
1. Vitamin B12 Supplements
• Oral tablets or sublingual (under the tongue) tablets are common for mild cases.
2. B12 Injections
• Used when absorption is a problem or levels are very low. Often given weekly at first, then monthly.
3. Dietary Changes
• Including more B12-rich foods can help (see natural remedies below).
Most people feel better within days to weeks after starting treatment, but nerve damage may take longer to heal—or may be permanent if the deficiency has gone untreated for too long.
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Natural Remedies and Prevention
If you’re at risk for deficiency, these natural tips can help:
1. Eat B12-rich Foods
• Animal liver and kidneys (especially lamb)
• Fish (sardines, tuna, salmon)
• Meat (beef, chicken)
• Dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt)
• Eggs
2. Fortified Foods
• Many cereals, plant-based milk (like soy or almond milk), and nutritional yeast are fortified with B12.
3. Monitor Your Levels
• If you’re vegetarian, vegan, or over 60, talk to your doctor about testing your B12 regularly.
4. Consider Supplements
• If you’re not getting enough from food or if your doctor recommends it, taking a daily supplement may be necessary.
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Summary
Vitamin B12 deficiency is common, especially in older adults, vegetarians, and those with digestive issues. The good news is—it’s usually easy to treat and prevent. If you’re feeling unusually tired, moody, or are experiencing tingling in your hands or feet, talk to your doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and help you feel your best.
Dr. Karuturi Subrahmanyam, MD, FRCP (London), FACP (USA)
Internal Medicine Specialist
Kify Hospital
Danavaipeta
Rajahmundry
Phone : 85000 23456
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