Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory virus that can affect people of all ages. While it often causes mild cold-like symptoms, it can lead to serious illness in young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Here’s what you need to know about HMPV, its symptoms, transmission, and prevention.
What is HMPV?
HMPV is a virus that primarily infects the respiratory tract. Discovered in 2001, it belongs to the same family as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and can cause similar respiratory illnesses. It is most active during late winter and spring but can circulate throughout the year.
Symptoms of HMPV
HMPV symptoms vary from mild to severe, depending on the individual’s age and overall health.
• Mild Symptoms:
• Runny nose
• Cough
• Fever
• Sore throat
• Fatigue
• Severe Symptoms:
• Difficulty breathing
• Wheezing
• Chest pain
• Pneumonia or bronchitis (in some cases)
Young children, older adults, and those with underlying health conditions may be at higher risk for severe complications.
How Does HMPV Spread?
HMPV spreads through respiratory droplets, similar to how the common cold and flu spread. You can become infected by:
• Close contact with an infected person.
• Breathing in droplets from coughs or sneezes.
• Touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching your face.
Diagnosis and Treatment
HMPV is typically diagnosed based on symptoms, but healthcare providers may perform specific tests using a nasal swab to confirm the diagnosis.
Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Management focuses on relieving symptoms:
• Rest and hydration.
• Over-the-counter medications to reduce fever and congestion.
• In severe cases, hospitalization may be required for oxygen therapy or other supportive care.
Preventing HMPV
You can reduce the risk of HMPV infection by practicing good hygiene:
1. Wash Your Hands: Regularly wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
2. Avoid Close Contact: Stay away from people who are sick, especially during flu season.
3. Disinfect Surfaces: Clean commonly touched surfaces like door handles and phones.
4. Cover Coughs and Sneezes: Use a tissue or your elbow to prevent spreading germs.
5. Stay Home if Sick: Prevent spreading the virus to others by resting at home.
Who is at Risk?
While anyone can catch HMPV, the following groups are more vulnerable to severe illness:
• Infants and young children.
• Adults over 65.
• People with chronic health conditions (e.g., asthma, heart disease, uncontrolled diabetes, chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease, COPD, HIV, Cancer etc.,)
• Individuals with weakened immune systems.
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical attention if you or a loved one experiences:
• Persistent high fever.
• Difficulty breathing.
• Symptoms that worsen or don’t improve after a few days.
Summary
HMPV is a common respiratory virus that usually causes mild symptoms but can lead to serious complications in vulnerable groups. By practicing good hygiene and staying informed, you can reduce your risk of infection and protect those around you. If you suspect severe symptoms or complications, consult a doctor promptly.
Dr. Karuturi Subrahmanyam, MD, FRCP (London), FACP (USA)
Internal Medicine Specialist
Kify Hospital
Danavaipeta
Rajahmundry
Phone : 85000 23456