Thyroid Symptoms

The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall body function. When the thyroid produces too little or too much hormone, it can lead to significant health problems.

What is Hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. This slows down the body’s metabolism and can lead to a variety of symptoms.

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism:

• Fatigue – Feeling unusually tired or lacking energy

• Weight gain – Unexplained increase in weight despite normal eating habits

• Cold intolerance – Feeling cold even in warm environments

• Dry skin and hair – Skin may feel rough, and hair may become brittle or thin

• Constipation – Bowel movements become infrequent or difficult

• Slow heart rate – The pulse may be lower than usual

• Depression or mood changes – Feeling low, sad, or having trouble concentrating

• Swelling in the face or puffiness – Especially around the eyes

• Hoarseness – Voice may sound deeper or rougher than usual

• Joint pain or muscle weakness – Feeling stiff or experiencing aches

• Menstrual irregularities – Periods may become heavier or more prolonged

Common Causes of Hypothyroidism:

• Hashimoto’s thyroiditis – An autoimmune condition where the body attacks the thyroid

• Iodine deficiency – Lack of iodine in the diet

• Certain medications – Some drugs can interfere with thyroid function

• Thyroid surgery or radiation therapy – Removal or damage to the thyroid gland

What is Hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, speeding up the body’s metabolism.

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism:

• Unexplained weight loss – Losing weight despite normal or increased appetite

• Rapid or irregular heartbeat – Heart may beat too fast or feel fluttery

• Heat intolerance – Feeling excessively warm or sweating a lot

• Increased appetite – Feeling hungrier than usual

• Tremors – Hands or fingers may shake

• Nervousness or anxiety – Feeling restless, irritable, or on edge

• Difficulty sleeping (insomnia) – Trouble falling or staying asleep

• Frequent bowel movements – Diarrhea or an increase in bathroom visits

• Thinning hair or hair loss – Hair may become fine and brittle

• Bulging eyes (in Graves’ disease) – Eyes may appear larger or more prominent

Common Causes of Hyperthyroidism:

• Graves’ disease – An autoimmune condition that overstimulates the thyroid

• Thyroid nodules – Lumps in the thyroid that produce excess hormones

• Excess iodine intake – Too much iodine from diet or medications

• Thyroid inflammation (thyroiditis) – Temporary release of stored thyroid hormones

When to See a Doctor

If you experience symptoms of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, it’s important to consult a doctor. A simple blood test can measure thyroid hormone levels and help determine the best course of treatment.

Summary

Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can affect your overall health and well-being. Recognizing the symptoms early and consulting a doctor can help manage the condition effectively. If you suspect a thyroid problem, don’t ignore the signs—your thyroid health is crucial for your body’s balance and energy levels.

Dr. Karuturi Subrahmanyam, MD, FRCP (London), FACP (USA)

Internal Medicine Specialist

Kify Hospital

Danavaipeta

Rajahmundry

Phone : 85000 23456